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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
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A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating <t>NaCl</t> drinking water and an <t>additional</t> <t>DOCP</t> injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM
Drinking Water, supplied by Burlington Industries, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating NaCl drinking water and an additional DOCP injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM

Journal: ESC Heart Failure

Article Title: Optimized murine HFpEF models for translational preclinical studies

doi: 10.1093/eschf/xvag072

Figure Lengend Snippet: A reproducible HFpEF phenotype incorporating ageing—‘4-hit’. ( A ) Schematic depicting the traditional 3-hit approach, and our modified 4-hit approach incorporating NaCl drinking water and an additional DOCP injection. ( B ) SBP and DBP after the traditional 3-hit approach in red and following the addition of NaCl in orange. ( C ) E/A ratio before and after NaCl. ( D ) Ratio of peak velocity of mitral blood flow at early filling to peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′) before and after the addition of NaCl. ( E ) GLS of the left ventricle. ( F ) Preserved fractional shortening of the left ventricle. ( G ) HOMA-IR of healthy chow mice and 4-hit mice at sacrifice. ( H ) Representative pulsed wave Doppler images for chow and 4-hit groups. For all panels, male C57BL/6N mice were used. For A–G, n = 6 for chow, n = 7 for 3-hit, n = 7 for 4-hit. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001 by Mann–Whitney test. Graphs display ± SEM

Article Snippet: One week after DOCP injection, mice started 1% NaCl drinking water (793566, Merck) which continued to the end of the protocol.

Techniques: Modification, Injection, MANN-WHITNEY